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Articles about Buddhism (0-50 of 488)
- Ryan Fyfe Is The Owner Of Http://www.all-pregnancy.info/ - An Information Resource For All Things Re
By: Ryan Fyfe | - The Chinese have one of the oldest living cultures in the world. Traditions have been passed down for generations there are beliefs about every aspect of life. As well as being influenced by Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism there are also a lot of local beliefs and superstitions. Pregnancy is one of the most special human experiences so you won't be surprised to find that there are plenty of Chinese traditions surrounding this event. It should be noted that China is a huge country and so belie ...
Tags: Pregnancy
- India Pilgrimage Tours Take You To The Roots Of Secular And Grand India
By: Adiba Roshan Khan | - This has been the practice since ancient times. India Pilgrimage Tours take you to some of the most sacred temples, pilgrimage sites, mosques, churches, gurudwaras and synagogues across different regions and states of the country.
The philosophy in Hindu Vaastu Shastra highlights the temple as figurative representation of creator. The dictum necessitates a temple to be with entrance and the affiliated structures, and the internal sacred sanctum. To visit a series or some of these significa ...
Tags: North India Tour, Golden Triangle Tour, Rajasthan Tours
- 2 Powerful Healing Meditations
By: Anmol Mehta | - The healing powers of meditation and it's list of health benefits keep on growing daily. Although, it is now well known that meditation is excellent for reducing stress, recent research is starting to show that meditation is also effective in healing far more series conditions and problems as well. In addition, research is providing plenty of evidence in the preventive power of meditation. So whether you are sick or not, meditation should be a high priority activity in your life, if you are i ...
Tags: healing mediation, healing meditations, mediation for health, meditation for healing, health benefit
- Howto Bring A Piece Of Asia Into Your Wedding Decoration
By: Jennifer Mills | - Asian wedding favors are the perfect way to remember your Oriental celebration. Your guests will be thrilled to receive unique Asian wedding favors as a treasured keepsake of your one-of-a-kind day.
There are many different types of Asian weddings including Chinese, Japanese, Korean and Vietnamese. Asians practice several major religions including Buddhism, Taoist, Hindu, Muslim and Christianity. Most couples choose an Asian-fusion wedding where all the different cultures are repr ...
Tags: asian wedding favors, table decorations
- Tips To Find Economical Flight Tickets To India:
By: dainykaisey | - If one wants to study ancient culture, food, and people one should go and visit India where prices of goods come out cheap and a comfortable stay won't really cost a leg.
India has a lot of history and knowledge to offer with apparently magnificent world-class artifacts and goodies for one to take back home. What you only require is enough money to support your needs and a comfortable stay in a first class hotel to enjoy the sights, scents and scenery of amazing India.
Tags: Flights to India, TRAVEL INDIA, Air Travel India
- India: :a Land Of Diversities
By: dainykaisey | - A trip to India is one of the most fascinating and thrilling trip that one can embark upon. India offers striking and serene locales across its length and breadth. For luxury travel and stays, hotels in India have a cultural and rural charm and at the same time, present most of the modern amenities for a peaceful stay and an unforgettable trip. If bookings are done in advance, cheap flights and hotel booking turns out the trip very economical.
India is one of the most sought afte ...
Tags: Flights to India, TRAVEL INDIA, Air Travel India
- Tantra Leads To Supreme Enlightenment
By: Acharya Subhojit Dasgupta | - There are numerous paths to achieve Realization. Of the many paths, Tantra is considered as the 'crown' of realization because it puts you in direct contact with the entire process of complete realization.
The reason why Tantra is so powerful is because Tantra interconnects and unites all of reality, and everything attained on the physical level also crosses into the spiritual level as well. And the spiritual and the physical are no longer separate but an integral part of each oth ...
Tags: tantra, buddhism, enlightenment, mantra, spirituality, vedic, tantra technique, tantric scriptures, tantric sex
- The Path To Freedom Begins With Self Awareness
By: Mercedes Oestermann van Essen | - You are probably totally unaware how much awareness of yourself and your world, or should I say, lack of awareness affects your life and the outcomes you are creating. For most of us life unfolds lacking direction because we have not yet learned to control and direct our inner world, or thoughts consciously.
Success in life depends on your ability to be happy with life; and your ability to be happy with your lot depends to a large extend on the way you see the world. How you see ...
Tags: self awareness, financial freedom, trading, eft, Buddhism, positive psychology
- Thai Massage Sheer Indulgence
By: Christine Oatley | - Grounded in ancient Buddhism, Thai massage is said to have been developed over 2,500 years ago, by the Buddha's physician, Jivaka Kumarabhacca or as he is known in Thailand, Shivago Komarpaj. The 'Father Doctor', as Shivago is affectionately known, introduced his particular form of massage to the Buddhist monks to help them soothe their bodies after long hours practicing meditation.
Unlike most massage therapies, Thai massage is performed when you are fully clothed.
Tags: Thailand, Thai, massage, Buddhism, meditation, soothing, relaxing
- Meditation On Mindfulness
By: drbill_phd | - Meditation on Mindfulness
Summary: mediators are taught to watch the breathing - this comes from the teaching on 'mindfulness of body' which covers more than just breathing. A look at the variations on this method.
It is a common image these days of mediators walking slowly back and forth. We call it mindfulness of body, a practice continually used in Buddhism. As a tool it has the keenly psychodynamic quality of tying the mind to present moment aware ...
Tags: Buddha, Buddhism, budda, buddism, Buddha statue, Buddhist, budha, Thailand, dharma, meditation, Hinduism, Buddhist meditation, Buddhist temple,
- An Introduction To The Buddha And Buddhism
By: Chip Tolaney | - Some 2,500 years ago, Siddhartha Gautama, a prince of the royal Shakya Clan of Nepal, meditated under the bodhi tree (a type of fig tree) in the Indian town of Bodh Gaya (in eastern India) and attained enlightenment. Today, thousands of pilgrims still travel to this sacred town.
A Special Destiny
'Buddha' means 'the awakened one' and this is the title Siddhartha was known by after his enlightenment. His was a miraculous birth, heralded by an auspicious dream the queen mothe ...
Tags: Buddha, Buddhism, Buddha sculptures, Buddha decor, Zen, Asian philosophies
- Could Buddhism Teach You Something About Trading And Investing?
By: Mercedes Oestermann van Essen | - At first glance there seem to be few parallels between Buddhism and your trading and investing strategies, but is that really so? If you look beneath the surface a very different picture starts to evolve.
Traditionally we go through life viewing events, like market action as something that happens outside of ourselves and as something on which we have little or no influence.
We have neat little boxes for all those events with their clear beginnings and endings. This ...
Tags: trading psychology, investing, investment strategy, trading strategy, trading system, Buddhist trader
- How To Choose A Meditation Technique
By: Tom Ball | - How to choose a meditation technique
Why is the Buddha smiling? Because it's finally happened: meditation is mainstream.
Of course, the true "Buddha mind" finds reason to smile from within and is said to be unfazed by such spacetime frivolities as cultural trends, but surely the "enlightened" among us, whoever they are, must be encouraged that meditative practices are being taken up in boardrooms of corporate America, taught at YMCAs, introduced to scho ...
Tags: Transcendental Meditation, meditation, Zen, mindfulness, yoga, Christian meditation, stress, Buddhism, concentration
- Introduction To Buddhism
By: Chip Tolaney | - Buddhism has captured the hearts and imaginations of seekers of spiritual understanding across the world. Some 2,500 years ago, Siddhartha Gautama, a prince of the royal Shakya Clan of Nepal, meditated under the bodhi tree (a type of fig tree) in the Indian town of Bodh Gaya (in eastern India) and attained enlightenment. Today, thousands of pilgrims still travel to this sacred town.
A Special Destiny:'Buddha' means 'the awakened one' and this is the title Siddhartha was known by a ...
Tags: Buddha, buddhism, eastern philosophies, zen, religion, spiri
- Practice Tonglen Meditation, It Has Many Benefits Beyond Experiencing Compassion
By: Mercedes Oestermann van Essen | - One of my favourite meditations is tonglen. Those of you who are familiar with it will know that tonglen is a compassion meditation. Briefly, this meditation consists of taking in suffering and then transmuting it to light.
Those of you who are familiar with Buddhism and practice Buddhist teachings will appreciate the immense benefits of learning compassion for all sentient beings. Feeling compassion for others is a way to experience oneness. When you experience oneness you fee ...
Tags: practicing tonglen, Buddhism, Buddhist teachings, practice Buddhist teachings, limiting conditioning
Social Web Results   Buddhism And Suicide | The Emotion Machine Shared By: NeuralCorrelate - But in Buddhism, death is only the beginning of another cycle of pain and suffering for others and yourself. According to the Buddhist teaching of the...
 Pew: More Religious Mixing in America Shared By: OhioBuddhist - By Barbara O'Brien , About.com Guide to Buddhism Thursday December 10, 2009 Yesterday the Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life released a survey...
 Videocrux - Buddhism thrives after decades of atheist policies Shared By: videocrux - Temples thrive, monks travel far and wide in search of enlightenment, the faithful... atheist policies, Buddhism is making a huge comeback in China.
 Buddhism: Thailand Part 4 | Articles on Ewagz.com Shared By: culturearticles - Although Buddhism flourished during the Ayutthayan period, historically little is known of Ayutthayan Buddhism because of the near total destruction...
 Catholic Church attacked, suspicions fall on Buddhist extremists | American Buddhist Net Shared By: spacevger - Buddhism and Extremism 2 weeks 1 day ago Bat Nha Report 2 weeks 6 days ago Correct link to Bat Nha video 2 weeks 6 days ago Thu, 2009-12-10 13:19 — ABN
 Most Antidepressants Miss Key Target of Clinical Depression Shared By: WilliamHarryman - While theory is important (Buddhism, Ken Wilber, Spiral Dynamics, psychology, and Integral Theory), so is politics, art & poetry, human values,...
 Rap and manga - new roads to Nirvana in Japan Shared By: lovemusicbeats - The new breed of holy men worry that Buddhism is slowly losing its shine as a generation raised in a consumer society turns its back on prayer and...
 Vietnam crowd blocks EU probe of Buddhist conflict - Taiwan News Online Shared By: kenley - The crowd of... who has popularized Buddhism in the West and sold millions of books worldwide, said Mary Louise Thaning, the delegation leader. "They...
 Buddhism: Thailand Part 4 Shared By: look4articles - Manora - A monk may leave the monkhood any time he wishes The Thai ordination is a public notice of a man’s intention to follow the Buddha’s teaching
- Buddhism: Thailand Part 2 Shared By: look4articles - Manora - Buddhism gained wide acceptance because its emphasis on tolerance and individual initiative complemented the Thais’ cherished inner freedom...
- Buddhism, Tibet, The Dalai Lama And China Today
By: Derek Dashwood | - Chinese Antiques Shop collecting predates the life and times of Buddha, who lived BC 566-486. Buddhism came to China from the west, up and around the Himalaya mountains and then across the Tibetan Plateau and then the Mongol deserts. The mighiest of all the deserts in Asia was the Gobi- so much that today the Gobi Desert is encroaching the western edges of the capital city, Beijing. As to Buddha, the now fabled reputation of the the one they called the Buddha- the Enlilghtened One- was born Sidd ...
Tags: buddhism, china,
- China And Buddhism - The Way We Were
By: Derek Dashwood | - While Indian Prince Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha, died in BC 486 his teachings did not reach into China until AD 286. As usual this journey was a long and difficult route. Their route was to go to the west and up over the lower shoulder of the vast Himalayan Mountains. This would be them down on the ridge of the high and barren Tibetan Platea. Moving eastward they would have made their way down into the Gobi Desert. As this was now the Silk Road there were occasional places for respite,food an ...
Tags: china, buddhism,
- Meditation And Enlightenment: How To Discover Who You Truly Are!
By: Tenzin Palmo | - Some believe that religion is all hokey. Some do not join a religion because they do not want to be told what they can and cannot do, while others do not believe that there is truly some divine being up there pulling all the strings. Buddhism is neither of these. Buddhism is a guidebook to life. You do not have to follow the rules, but if you do, you will find yourself understanding who you truly are, which means you can attain true enlightenment.
1) What is Enlightenment?
...
Tags: enlightenment, what is enlightenment, awakenings, spiritual enlightenment, destiny, life, buddhism
- Scogostology: The Dynamics And Philosophy Of Human Problems
By: IKEY G-KHAN GALACTICCA | - What Are Your Problems In Life?
There are more than 6 billion human beings on Earth now.
Some are rich. Some are not.
Almost all have something in common: they all have problems.
Human problems vary according to the gender, age, ethnicity, race, country, city and state.
Some problems are existential.
Others are created by human beings.
SCOGOSTOLOGY Lifology provides realistic solutions to hu ...
Tags: Scogostology, Scogostologism, Galahumanism, Osho Rajneesh, Krishnamurti, Madam Blavatsky, Theosophy, Hinduism, Buddhism, Tantra, Taoism, Zen, Gnosis
- Buddhism And Healthy Longevity
By: Stephen Lau | - Buddhism is more than an Eastern religion: it is a healthy longevity promoter.
Buddhism focuses on the balanced interaction between the mind and the body as a prerequisite for healthy longevity; disease is a result of their imbalance and disharmony. The Buddhist approach to health and wellness is its emphasis on spiritual strength of the mind to overcome illness and disease. Concurring with Hippocrates, the father of medicine, who believed in the innate healing power in humans, Bu ...
Tags: Buddhism, healthy longevity, compassion, loving kindness, stress, ego-self
- Dali Lama - Thoughts To Clarify Your Life
By: Aazdak Alisimo.. | - The Dali Lama is one of those rare beings whose message applies across all peoples and religions. If you are looking for a bit of focus in your life, considering the following inspiration thoughts from the Dali Lama is a good place to start.
Remember that not getting what you want is sometimes a wonderful stroke of luck.
Not to identify oneself with something, or to associate things with the me, and to see that the idea that there is a me which is distinct from thin ...
Tags: dali lama, dahli, his holiness, buddhism, eastern, philosophy, inspiring, religion
- Poll Says American Youth Waning On Christianity - Secularism Edges Forward
By: Rev Michael Bresciani | - If we put two coins on a table, one new and shiny but only worth its face value and another that is old worn and dull, which one will a child pick if they are told to choose one for themselves? You guessed it; they will always choose the shiny new coin. Youthful idealism sees the pristine and shiny condition of the coin compulsively. The other coin could be a priceless rare mint but a child hasnt the knowledge or the patients to search for the truth that might lead them to discover this highl ...
Tags: Barna, Christianity, religion, buddhism, Hindu, Islam, Moses, Bible, secular, humanism, youth, idealism, judge, judgmental, hatred, emporer, Roman, Rev Bresciani, polit
- Pearls Of Wisdom From The Dali Lama
By: Aazdak Alisimo. | - There are certain figures through history that grow in stature as the years pass and their words are reflected upon. The beauty of the Dali Lama is he is still with us today and continues to impart wisdom daily.
1. I truly believe that individuals can make a difference in society. Since periods of change such as the present one come so rarely in human history, it is up to each of us to make the best use of our time to help create a happier world.
2. Human beings are ...
Tags: dahli, dali, lama, buddhist, inspiration, love, life, self improvement, buddhism, religion, philosophy
- Shamanism: The Spiritual Practices Of The Ninja: Personal Transformation
By: ross heaven | - Dr Mark Atkinson provides the introduction to my book, The Spiritual Practices of the Ninja: Mastering the Four Gates to Freedom.
Do you really want to be free and happy - or are you addicted to your sorrow? A lot of people are addicted and they either don't know it or don't know what to do about it.
Herein lies the problem: programmed by society to believe that happiness, love and freedom can only be acquired through power, possessions and peopl ...
Tags: Ninja, shamanism, healing, empowerment, shamans, mysticism, Shinto, Buddhism, Japan, martial arts, Samurai
- Shamanism: The Four Gates To Freedom
By: ross heaven | - We know little about the origins of the Ninja, the children of darkness' - mysterious shadow-warriors who maintained their eerie mist-shrouded mountain secrecy in the Iga and Koga Provinces of Japan from around 900 AD, practicing the arts of stealth and invisibility. Legends, however, tell of the Ninja warrior's supposed descent from tengu, savage demons that were half man half crow and were able to bend the laws of nature and control the human mind.
Probably clos ...
Tags: Ninja, shaman, shamanism, ninpo, martial arts, meditation, samurai, Shinto, Buddhism
- Plant Spirit Shamanism: Shinto
By: ross heaven | - Shinto is the folk-religion of Japan. Intrinsic to it is a belief in the spiritual power of nature and the protective energies of plants, trees, mountains, and other forces of the Earth. All of these are known as kami - the genius of divinity of nature which may be a particular form like a flower, a place like a forest, or a natural process, like the turning of the seasons, which brings different plants and energies to prominence, or, indeed, the blowing of the wind, which has a ...
Tags: Plant spirit shamanism, herbs, herbalism, healing, japan, shinto, buddhism, kami,
- Darkness Visible: Recapitulation
By: ross heaven | - Tibetan Bon shamans believe that we are already one year old when we are born. Our first year of life is spent in our conception and gestation in the womb, a time when we are conscious, aware, and learning about the world through the experiences of our parents (especially the mother, in whose energy field we reside). Their feelings and sensations are carried in the egg and sperm and then in the life force of the mother's blood. As a consequence, we are all born with certain predispositions, ...
Tags: Darkness visible, buddhism, tibet, meditation, joseph campbell, myth, shamanism
- Seeing The Nature Of Reality Through Buddhist Meditation
By: Copthorne Macdonald | - The perennial philosophy "nondual" spiritual traditions (such as Nisargadatta's Vedanta, and Tibetan Buddhism's Dzogchen) hold that existence involves a monistic, enduring, unchanging, absolute reality and a dualistic, ephemeral, constantly-changing relative reality. Through the practices that I describe in my book Toward Wisdom, I too have come to see that this is the way it is. Describing the situation in words has always been tricky, but I found that certain "information age" concepts clarify ...
Tags: wisdom, spirituality, meditation, Buddhism, Vipassana, Dzogchen, Nisargadatta
- Buddhism In Thailand
By: coofee | - Buddhism, the great eastern religion founded by the Indian Prince Siddhartha Gautama 600 years before the birth of Christ, first appeared in Thailand during the 3rd century B.C. in the area of the present day provincial capital Nakhon Pathom. Once established, it proved such a durable and pervasive force that some ethnic groups who migrated into that area during the Dvaravati period readily adopted it as their state religion.
At its inception, Buddhism had been a reaction against ...
Tags: thailand, Buddhism
- The 5 Biggest Myths About Meditation
By: Mary Rosendale | - 1. It's relaxing.
This is a dangerous myth because people expect meditation to be like slipping into a hot tub. When they experience discomfort they think it's not working or they're not doing it right and they give up. In fact, it's often not relaxing, at least not initially. In the beginning meditation is like exercise; if it doesn't hurt you're not doing it right. This puts off a lot of people right from the start. They've taken the odd Yoga class where you lie on the floor, c ...
Tags: meditation, fear, stress, reduce stress, Buddhism, Life Coach, overwhelmed, stuck,
- Tips For Improving Your Spiritual Connection
By: L. M. Sherman | - Nourishing the spirit can greatly improve the conditions of your life. Taking positive action to enhance your spirituality helps keep you centered and focused. It is important to note that religion is quite different from spirituality. Religion is more dogmatic, whereas spirituality concentrates on your own personal relationship with whatever Higher Power is most relevant to you.
Naturally, you may call your Higher Power whatever you want to, like Mother Nature, God, the Univer ...
Tags: spirituality, meditation, Buddhism,
- The Zen Meditation Instruction You Need To Get Started
By: Susan Masters | - If you want to experience a bit from the life of the Buddhism monks, than the first thing you need is an efficient Zen meditation instruction. Zen meditation can be a great alternative to the more classic forms of meditation and even though it might be stricter, it can be fully enjoyed, especially after some weeks of practice.
What Does Zen Refer to?
In order to fully understand any Zen meditation instruction, you need to understand the basis of this practice. Zen ...
Tags: zen meditation instruction, Buddhism, Zazen, seiza, kinhin posture, Rinzai Zen, Soto Zen
- The Metaphysical View Of Death And Life After Death Part 6
By: Luxamore | - One of our personal experiences with our deceased friend with whom we related previously would substantiate this principle as described by Swedenborg:
We once decided to visit our friend in the heavenly regions. We had some joyful news that we wanted to convey to her--news that she was waiting to hear while she was alive in the physical. Not knowing where she was or able to directly manifest before her, we were escorted by a guide to a lovely garden with a Greek temple in the mids ...
Tags: soul, spirit, dying, death, reincarnation, mystics, tibetan, liberation, bardo, buddhism, esoteric
- The Book The Secret Is It Really A Secret
By: Leon Newton | - Rhonda Byrne in her best selling book, The Secret reveals to her readers how to obtain the good life by attracting only the things in your life you want.
She tell her readers to be careful what they think about because be it good or bad they are attracting.
The thoughts will and can become things in their lives. The author says good thoughts attract good and bad thoughts attract bad because this the law of attraction.
The law of attraction is ...
Tags: faith, Christianity, power of meditation, buddhism new age, spirituality
- Chopping Wood And Carrying Water
By: Roy E. Klienwachter | - Humanity takes itself much too seriously and every experience does not have to be a life and death situation.
Before the industrial revolution came along, humanity was involved with living. Half the world's population produced all the food that would supply the other half. Rural residents produced their own food and in doing so they maintained their connection with the earth.
When I was growing up, we always had a garden. Everyone had fruits trees of some kin ...
Tags: happiness, enlightenment, awareness, chopping wood, carrying water, purpose of life, buddhism, rich, poor, middle class,
- The Noble Eightfold Path
By: Tony Ha | - The Noble Eightfold Path also known in other languages and cultures as Sanskrit Ārya 'ṣṭāṅga mārgaḥ, Chinese Bāzhngd o and Pāli Ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, is a Buddhist tradition taught by the Buddha Śākyamuni. According to instruction, this Path, which takes its place as the fourth part amidst the fundamental Buddhist teachings known as the Four Noble Truths, is supposed to guide followers along a road that ends suf ...
Tags: noble eightfold path, eightfold path, buddhism
- Buddhism Based On The Pali Canon
By: Tony Ha | - Some think of Buddhism as the right way to escape from a make-believe state of mind. The Buddhism is based on the interpretation and study of the collection of communications of Buddha Dharma. These communications are all translated into English by the Pali Text Society, the contents of which are extracted from around 5,000 pages within 16 volumes of translated communications that are part of the Pali Canon Collection (Tipitaka), boasting a total of 12,800 pages.
Regarding the rig ...
Tags: buddha, siddhartha gautama, buddhism
- Background Of Buddha
By: Tony Ha | - When Prince Siddhartha, Buddha, was younger and still living with his parents who ruled as King and Queen over lands in northern India, he learned sixty-four languages with different alphabets and excelled in math. He grew up excelling in traditional arts and sciences needing no instruction; however, he studied to please his father who then asked him to gain skill in sports; archery and martial arts, as well as academic subjects.
Prince Siddhartha liked to weave spiritual messages ...
Tags: buddha, siddhartha gautama, buddhism
- Who Was Buddha Or Siddhartha Gautama?
By: Tony Ha | - Founder of Buddhism, Pāli: Gotama Buddha or Gautama Buddha was a spiritual instructor in ancient India, between an estimated 563 BCE and 483 BCE (possibly even a century later).
An excellent book on Buddha's life is, Introduction to Buddhism, by Geshe Kelsang Gyatso. He discusses how Buddha being the founder of the Buddhist religion called Buddha Shakyamuni, after Buddha's real last name Shakya combined with Muni for Able One. A lesson in history tells the story of his ...
Tags: buddha, buddhist, siddhartha gautama
- Buddhism
By: Tony Ha | - Buddha Dharma, known by many as Buddhism, is also referred to as "the teachings of the awakened one." It revolves around the teachings of Gautama Buddha or Pali Gotama Buddha, an India native from approximate fifth century, before (the) Common (or Christian) Era, and is also referred to as a religion, psychological discipline and a passage of life.
History has it that Buddha was born a prince in Nepal, formerly Lumbini, to a wealthy family. Indulging in a life of luxury, he grew d ...
Tags: buddhism, buddhist, buddha
- Types Of Buddhism
By: Tony Ha | - There are two types of Buddhas. And both seemingly reach a level of enlightenment called Nirvana, the end of suffering (while still alive here on Earth) and acquire some supernatural powers. This is a brief about both types of Buddhas.
In the Pali Canon, a collection of 16 volumes containing12,800 pages of translation about communications about the study of Buddha Dharma's ideaology / spirituality, the transcripts reference two types of Buddhas. These are Samyaksambuddha or Sammas ...
Tags: buddhism, buddhist, buddha
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