http://www.articlesnatch.com/rss2/Khamr Khamr Articles from ArticleSnatch.com Rss Follow Up Wed, 15 Feb 2012 21:16:29 -0500 Meanwhile, Hasan al-A'sam, the son of Ahmad Abu Tahir and a nephew of Abu Tahir, had become the commander of the Qarmatian forces, who was usually selecting to lead the Qarmatians in their military campaigns outside Bahrain. In 357/968, Hasan al-A'sam had taken Damascus after defeating Hasan bin Ubaidullah bin Tughj, the Ikhshidid governor of Syria. The Qarmatians also sacked Ramla and took vast riches and returned to Bahrain. About three months following the Fatimid conquest of Egypt, a Qarmatian force, commanded by al-A'sam's cousin, again came to Damascus and defeated Hasan bin Ubaidullah, the Ikhshidid governor of Syria. Finally, a peace treaty had been concluded between them, and according to which, the Ikhshidid agreed to pay an annual tribute to the Qarmatians. In 359/970, a large Fatimid force commanded by Jafar bin Falah was sent to conquer Syria. The Ikhshidid governor, Hasan bin Ubaidullah sought necessary help from the Qarmatians. Jafar bin Falah attacked at full gallop and defeated the joint forces of the Ikhshidid and the Qarmatians near Ramla. Hasan bin Ubaidullah was taken prisoner. The Fatimid conquered Syria, resulting the loss of the tribute to the Qarmatians being paid to them previously by the Ikhshidids.mawla]]> quran ul hakim]]> ali]]> allah]]> saudi ara]]> Khamr]]> Journalism]]> microfinance]]> United Kingdom]]> http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/Qarmatians---Decline-Of-The-Qarmatians/976057 Thu, 18 Feb 2010 10:20:08 -0500 http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/Qarmatians---Decline-Of-The-Qarmatians/976057 "It is learnt that a group of Mubarakiyya in Kufa among the Ismaili orbit believed in the Mahdism of Imam Muhammad bin Ismail, anticipating his return, which had never been promulgated by the official dawa. Granted that it was the propaganda of the Ismaili dawa, there would hardly be a place left for the Imams for them in the line of Muhammad bin Ismail. This small Ismaili group was expecting the return of the Imam, and a da'i Hussain al-Ahwazi had also a leaning towards them. He had gone to southern Iraq for propaganda and procured large converts. Nuwayri (677-732/1279-1332) writes in Nihayat al-Arab (ed. M. Jabir A. al-Hini, Cairo, 1984, p. 189) that, "Hussain al-Ahwazi also converted Hamdan bin al-Ash'ath al-Qarmati to Ismailism in 261/874." Hamdan al-Qarmat started to reveal Ismaili doctrines and the return of Muhammad bin Ismail to the villagers and brought them in the fold of Ismailism. When Hussain al-Ahwazi died, Hamdan al-Qarmat continued his mission with his brother-in-law Abdan bin al-Rabit as his deputy. He increased his influence among the Arab and Nibati tribes in Kufa and appointed Abdan bin al-Rabit and Zikrawayh bin Mihrawayh as his assistants.mawla]]> quran ul hakim]]> ali]]> allah]]> saudi ara]]> Khamr]]> Journalism]]> microfinance]]> United Kingdom]]> http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/Qarmatians/969250 Mon, 15 Feb 2010 04:15:49 -0500 http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/Qarmatians/969250 A very misconception regarding the teachings of the Koran is that it ascribes to God the attributes of leading astray. Nothing could be farther from truth. While al-Hadi, or the One Who guides, is one of the ninety-nine names of God, al-Mudzill, or One Who leads astray, has never been recognized as such. If leading astray were an attribute of God, as guiding certainly is, the name al-Mudzill should have been included in the list of His names, as al-Hadi is. But the Koran which repeatedly says that God's are all the excellent names, could not ascribe to Him what it has plainly ascribed to the Devil, viz. the leading astray of men. This fact is conclusive so far as the leading astray of men is concerned, but there are several other considerations which confirm it. The sinners' own confession, as repeatedly mentioned in the Koran is that their great leaders misled them, or that the Devil misled them.mawla]]> quran ul hakim]]> ali]]> allah]]> saudi ara]]> Khamr]]> Journalism]]> microfinance]]> United Kingdom]]> http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/Qadr-Or-Taqdir---God-Does-Not-Lead-Astray/963086 Wed, 10 Feb 2010 13:11:31 -0500 http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/Qadr-Or-Taqdir---God-Does-Not-Lead-Astray/963086 Taqdir, meaning the absolute decree of good and evil by God, an idea with which the word is now indissolubly connected by the popular mind as well as thinking writers, is neither known to the Koran, nor even to Arabic lexicology. There is only one occasion in the Koran on which a derivative of taqdir is used to indicate the fate of a person. Speaking of the wife of Lot, the Koran says, "We ordained (qaddarna) that she shall be of those who remain behind" (15:60, 27:57). But even here it does not mean that God had ordained that she should be a doer of evil. There is mention here of an ordinance, which holds good in the case of all evil-doers that they should suffer the evil consequence of what they have done; she was not one of the faithful, but disbeliever, so that when divine punishment overtook the evil-doers, she was ordained to be with them. The doctrine of predestination is of later growth, and seems to have been the result of the clash of Islam with Persian religious thought.mawla]]> quran ul hakim]]> ali]]> allah]]> saudi ara]]> Khamr]]> Journalism]]> microfinance]]> United Kingdom]]> http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/Qadr-Or-Taqdir---Creation-Of-Good-And-Evil/958948 Mon, 08 Feb 2010 14:10:50 -0500 http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/Qadr-Or-Taqdir---Creation-Of-Good-And-Evil/958948 The word qadr and taqdir are derived from qada. According to Raghib, it means the making manifest of the measure (kamiyya) of a thing, or simply measure. In the words of the same authority, God's taqdir of things is in two ways, by granting qudra (power) or by making them in a particular measure and in a particular manner, as wisdom requires. An example of this is given in the taqdir of the date-stone, out of which it is the palm only that grows, not an apple or olive tree, or in the taqdir of the sperma of man, out of which grows man only, not any other animal. Taqdir is therefore the law or measure which is working through out the whole of creation; and this is exactly the sense in which the word is used in the Koran.mawla]]> quran ul hakim]]> ali]]> allah]]> saudi ara]]> Khamr]]> Journalism]]> microfinance]]> United Kingdom]]> http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/Qadr-Or-Taqdir/956777 Sat, 06 Feb 2010 13:37:39 -0500 http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/Qadr-Or-Taqdir/956777 "Qadi Noman was a renowned Ismaili jurist in the Fatimid court. He espoused Ismaili faith early in life at Kairwan. His association with the Fatimids however began with his entry into the services of Imam al-Mahdi since 313/925. During the period of Imam al-Qaim, he concentrated mainly in the study of history, philosophy and jurisprudence and composed numerous works. Prior to the death of Imam al-Qaim in 334/945, he was appointed as a qadi. His status was further promoted during the time of Imam al-Mansur when he was granted the rank of Chief Qadi (qadi al-qudat). He however reached his zenith in the time of Imam al-Muizz. Qadi Noman was greatly impressed by Imam al-Muizz's appearance and writes that he was struck by "the refulgence of the Imamate from his countenance." When Imam al-Muizz ascended, Qadi Noman felt his post dwindled and wrote a letter to the Imam. He got Imam's reply, which he had quoted in his al-Majalis wal Musayarat. It reads: "O, Noman, may God protect you. I have read your letter. I regret that you are not sure of my patronage, and are trapped in fear unnecessarily.mawla]]> quran ul hakim]]> ali]]> allah]]> saudi ara]]> Khamr]]> Journalism]]> microfinance]]> United Kingdom]]> http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/Qadi-Noman/955272 Fri, 05 Feb 2010 10:06:06 -0500 http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/Qadi-Noman/955272 Platinum is a soft, ductile and silver-white metallic element. The Spanish scientist Antonio de Ulloa discovered it in gold-bearing deposits in Columbia in 1735. The English chemist William Wollaston first obtained pure platinum in 1803; and was also the first to devise a way to produce platinum in a workable form suitable for commercial purposes. South Africa, Russia and Canada produce almost all of the world's output of platinum. Its production began about in 1925, but it began to be used for jewelry in significant amounts in 1905. World production of platinum increased strongly in 1960 and in the beginning of 1970, reaching 2 million troy ounces (62 tons) per year. Since then, production has been spurred by greater demand for platinum. To mark the completion of his seventy years of Imamate, the Ismailis decided to weigh the Imam in platinum. The Platinum Jubilee was celebrated in Karachi on 3rd February, 1954 in presence of 50,000 Ismailis, and again the sum gifted to the Imam was returned to his followers to set up Finance and Investment Corporation.mawla]]> quran ul hakim]]> ali]]> allah]]> saudi ara]]> Khamr]]> Journalism]]> microfinance]]> United Kingdom]]> http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/Platinum-Jubilee/949346 Tue, 02 Feb 2010 17:24:23 -0500 http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/Platinum-Jubilee/949346 "Panjtan-i Pak (the Blessed Quincunx), Ashbah al-Khmsa (the five shadows) or Ashab al-Kisa (persons of the mantle) is a term coined for the five holy bodies, i.e., the Prophet, Ali, Fatima, Hasan and Hussain. They were created out of the substance of Illiyyun (Bihar al-Anwar, 25:10). The Koran (83:18) says, "Nay! Most surely the record of the righteous shall be in the highest places (illiyyun)." The word illiyyun is the plural of illiy or illiyyah. It is derived from the Hebrew elyou meaning the highest. These five holy bodies were conceived in their mystical dimension as being a Light that God created before the creation of this universe. The Light descended in turn upon Adam and then upon each of the prophets until it became embodied in five holy bodies. According to Bihar al-Anwar (25:24), "When God created Adam, the father of mankind, and breathed His spirit into him, Adam looked to the right hand side of the empyrean. There he saw five figures in the form of silhouettes. He asked: "God, have You created any one from the dust before me?" God replied: "No.mawla]]> quran ul hakim]]> ali]]> allah]]> saudi ara]]> Khamr]]> Journalism]]> microfinance]]> United Kingdom]]> http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/Panjtan-i-Pak/944712 Sat, 30 Jan 2010 18:11:44 -0500 http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/Panjtan-i-Pak/944712 The Koran says: "(Receive) the baptism (sibghah) of God, for who is better than God to baptize (sibghatan)?" (2:138). The word sibghah is derived from the Syriac word sba, meaning dyeing or colouring, and also dipping or immersing in water, hence sibghah indicates baptism, which the Christians effect by immersing in water. Wahidi relates from Ibn Abbas that, "When a child is born to Christians, after the seventh day they immerse him (sabghuhu) in a kind of water in order to purify him" (Asbab Nuzul al-Koran, Cairo, 1969, p. 38). According to Tabari, the Jews and Christians once said to the Prophet and his faithful Companions, "Embrace Judaism or Christianity, so that you may be guided aright." In the meantime, God instructed to His Prophet to say to them, "O Jews and Christians, rather follow the path of Abraham, the sibghah of God, which is the best sibghah, for it is the pure faith of Islam" (Jami al-Bayan, Cairo, 1954, 3:118). Thus, Tabari translates the above Koranic verse, taking sibghah as a synonym for the religion that, "Follow the religion of God, which is the best religion.mawla]]> quran ul hakim]]> ali]]> allah]]> saudi ara]]> Khamr]]> Journalism]]> microfinance]]> United Kingdom]]> http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/Origin-Of-Chhanta-In-Ismaili-Tariqah/928396 Wed, 20 Jan 2010 23:51:19 -0500 http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/Origin-Of-Chhanta-In-Ismaili-Tariqah/928396 "Naimuddin bin Jalaluddin bin Muhammad Nizari Kohistani was born in Birjand in 645/1247. He got the rudiments of his formal education at home from his father, who was also a poet himself and a devout Ismaili. Nizari attended school in Birjand and Qain, and studied Persian and Arabic literature. His father was a land-lord in Birjand, but lost his estate during the Mongol onslaught in Kohistan and subsequently, Nizari had to serve at the court of Shamsuddin Muhammad I (643-684/1245-1285), the founder of the Kurt dynasty of Herat; and became a court-poet. Nizari travelled excessively for supervising the revenue and expenditure of Azerbaijan and Arran. He set out from Khasp in Birjand on a long journey with a certain Tajuddin Amid in Shawal, 678/February, 1280. He fell ill in Tabriz, and resumed his journey in Safar, 679/June, 1280 with a certain Shamsuddin Juvaini, who was also travelling there for same purpose. Nizari visited Azerbaijan, Arran, Georgia, Armenia and Baku, which lasted for two years (678-679/1280-1281). Muqaddasi had reported earlier in Kitab al-Akalim (comp. in 375/985) that Azerbaijan, Arran and Armenia formed part of a single province, which he designated as Iklim ar-Rihab (the region of high plains).mawla]]> quran ul hakim]]> ali]]> allah]]> saudi ara]]> Khamr]]> Journalism]]> microfinance]]> United Kingdom]]> http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/Nizari-Kohistani/922559 Mon, 18 Jan 2010 06:11:47 -0500 http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/Nizari-Kohistani/922559 "The term niyya does not occur in the Koran. The word ikhlas (sincerity) however is used 17 times in its active participial form, mukhlis, best appropriates the notion of worthy and well directed "intention" (niyya). Sincerity is the foundation of al acts of worship (2:139, 39:2, 11:14), acceptable to God and of all forms of prayer (7:29, 10:22, 29:65, 31:32, 40:14, 65, 98:5). The sincere servants of God are those whom He protects from being seduced by devil (15:40, 38:83) or from committing sins (12:24), they will all enjoy great happiness in hereafter (37:40,74, 128). Niyya is a verb of nawa, meaning intention, aim or purpose in the doing of a thing, but it is wrongly supposed that the niyya consists in the repetition of certain words, stating that one intends to do so and so. Formulating the niyya or the expression of one's intention in set words, is unknown to the Koran and the hadith, and is in fact meaningless. Every action of a human being must stem from his will, i.e. his choice for such action.mawla]]> quran ul hakim]]> ali]]> allah]]> saudi ara]]> Khamr]]> Journalism]]> microfinance]]> United Kingdom]]> http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/Niyya/919772 Fri, 15 Jan 2010 15:55:14 -0500 http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/Niyya/919772 "The Arabic word for marriage is nikah, meaning uniting. The family is the basic social unit in Islamic society, and marriage is the fundamental Islamic institution. The husband and wife are the principals of family formation. Parents are held responsible for the social, cultural and moral growth of children as well as for their physical and health care. Marriage in Islam is a solemn contract which every one must enter into, unless there are special reasons why he should not. Thus in the Koran, it is said: "And marry those among you who are single and those who are fit among your male slaves and your female slaves; if they are needy, God will make them free from want out of His grace; and God is Ample-giving, Knowing. And let those who do not find a match keep chaste until God makes them free from want out of His grace" (24:32-3). In another verse, marriage-relationship is given the same importance as blood-relationship: "And He it is Who has created man from water, then He has made for him blood-relationship and marriage-relationship" (25:54).mawla]]> quran ul hakim]]> ali]]> allah]]> saudi ara]]> Khamr]]> Journalism]]> microfinance]]> United Kingdom]]> http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/Nikah/914929 Tue, 12 Jan 2010 15:30:03 -0500 http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/Nikah/914929 "The Arabic word nazr (pl. nazur) means an offering, gift or present, occurring seven times in the Koran. The Persian noun word nazrana means a gift offered especially to a prince to pay respect. Nazrana is a "special gift" in the Ismailis to be presented to the Imam mostly during the mehmani or any occasion to earn best blessings. It is presented individually on behalf of the family as well as collectively on behalf of a jamat or the all jamats of a country. The Arabic word hibah (pl. hibat) means gift. He who makes the gift is called wahib (one who presents); the things given, mauhub, and the person to whom it is presented is mauhub lahu. Two kinds of gift-giving occur in the Koran: (1) God giving gift (ata) to humans and people giving or presents (nihla, hadiyya). God gives (ata) to humans is mentioned five times in the Koran. The only case that involves gift-giving in a narration context in the Koran is the Queen of Sheba's sending gift (hadiyya) to Soloman to test whether he was noble prophet or a worldly king (27:35-6).mawla]]> quran ul hakim]]> ali]]> allah]]> saudi ara]]> Khamr]]> Journalism]]> microfinance]]> United Kingdom]]> http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/Nazrana/910401 Sat, 09 Jan 2010 14:26:19 -0500 http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/Nazrana/910401 It a traditional pilgrimage of the Ismailis to sacred site at the end of village of Dizbad in Iran, where gushes a spring from a rock called Naw Hisar. This pilgrimage takes place every year during a transition period after the summer, but before the harvest of plums, which is an important source of village income. The event also takes place just as the educated members of the jamat return from their holidays, such as the teachers, medical officials and government employees. It implies that the pilgrimage takes place during the time of family reunion and communal gathering. The whole day is devoted to the pilgrimage which starts early in the morning. It starts without ceremony. The people take breakfast, forming a vast picnic amidst the mottled shadows cast by the trees. The children, most excited, race ahead, climbing along the higher ridges, chasing and daring one another. Between 9 and 10 a.m., the people reach a leveled area strewn with trees, about 12 km away from the village. This is not yet Naw hisar, strictly speaking. Just after breakfast, an air of quiet resolve descends. A few people start to get up and move off.mawla]]> quran ul hakim]]> ali]]> allah]]> saudi ara]]> Khamr]]> Journalism]]> microfinance]]> United Kingdom]]> http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/Naw-Hisar/907192 Thu, 07 Jan 2010 09:53:44 -0500 http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/Naw-Hisar/907192 The word naskh means changing or removing as it is said in Arabic naskhatish shams-azzil meaning the sun removed the shade or nasakhat al-ruhu athar al-qawmi idha adamat meaning the mind obliterated traces of the nation. The word naskh is also used in the law to denote "an order canceling the other order." It appears that once the law given for a people for a particular time must change with the passage and need of time or be improved to pave a way for further progress. In Koranic term, the word naskh means the substitution of a law by another one, so as to bring a matter to its possible maximum level. Naskh refers to the fresh injunction to replace the old one, and the old or former injunction that had been changed or removed is called mansukh or the rejected law. There are many Koranic verses which had been changed for better understanding, known as mansukh, and the new verses taking its place, are known as naskh or tejweel (transfer).mawla]]> quran ul hakim]]> ali]]> allah]]> saudi ara]]> Khamr]]> Journalism]]> microfinance]]> United Kingdom]]> http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/Naskh-Wa-Mansukh/903095 Tue, 05 Jan 2010 05:04:00 -0500 http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/Naskh-Wa-Mansukh/903095 "Abu Hatim ar-Razi was followed by Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Ahmad an-Nasafi and Abu Yaqub as-Sijistani staying at Ray. An-Nasafi operated the mission mostly in Khorasan and Bukhara, and gained great success in converting the Sunni ruler, Nasr bin Ahmad, who had given allegiance to Imam al-Mahdi and paid him an annual tribute of 119 thousand dinars. Nasr bin Ahmad also entered into correspondence with Imam al-Qaim in Maghrib. The renowned poet and intellect, Abu Abdullah bin Jafar bin Muhammad bin Hakim bin Abdur Rahman bin Adam ar-Rudaki ash-Shair as-Samarkandi, known as Rudaki (d. 329/940) also found an opportunity of espousing Ismaili faith in this period. He was a court poet of the Samanids, and composed many verses in praise of the Fatimid Imams. In one place, Maruf of Balkh, one of the earliest Samanid poets, says: "I have heard the king of poets, Rudaki as saying, 'do not give allegiance to anyone save the Fatimids.'" The Abbasids took notice of the rapid conversion of the Ismailis in Khorasan, notably Nasr bin Ahmad, and insinuated Nuh bin Nasr (331-343/943-954), the son of Nasr bin Ahmad; against his father and the Ismailis.mawla]]> quran ul hakim]]> ali]]> allah]]> saudi ara]]> Khamr]]> Journalism]]> microfinance]]> United Kingdom]]> http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/Nasafi--An-nasafi/893371 Mon, 28 Dec 2009 11:33:30 -0500 http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/Nasafi--An-nasafi/893371 "The word nafs (pl. anfus, nufus) is derived from the verb nafusa meaning to be precious or valuable. As is said naffasa (to cheer up, reassure or relieve) and tanaffasa (to breathe, inhale or pause for a rest). The Taj al-Arus (4:260) lists 15 meanings of nafs and adds two other from Lisan al-Arab (8:119). The word nafs is used in no less than 10 connotations in the Koran. Like ruh and qalb, it is another word to indicate an important aspect of human psych. At the lowest level it refers to the principle of life and consciousness. Nafs is a subtle force and is seen as imparting life and power of motion to the body, and thus forming the inner dimension of man's self. The soul has a multi-layer structure consisting primarily of three principal strata, or the three different dimensions or conditions of one and the same "soul".mawla]]> quran ul hakim]]> ali]]> allah]]> saudi ara]]> Khamr]]> Journalism]]> microfinance]]> United Kingdom]]> http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/Nafs/879197 Thu, 17 Dec 2009 10:53:42 -0500 http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/Nafs/879197 "The word nabi is derived from naba, meaning an announcement of great utility imparting knowledge of a thing. One lexicologist explains the word nabi as meaning an ambassador between God and rational beings from among His creatures. According to another, a nabi is the man who gives information about God. In Persia and Turkey, the word paighambar, or he who bears a message is used. As an abstract noun, the word nubuwwa (prophethood) occurs 5 times in the Koran. The Koran says: "There is not a people but a warner has gone among them" (35:24). And again: "Every nation has had an apostle" (10:47). There have been prophets besides those mentioned in the Koran: "And We sent apostles We have mentioned to thee before and apostle We have not mentioned to thee" (4:164). It is, in fact, stated in a hadith that there have been 1,24,000 prophets, while the Koran contains only about 25 names, among them being several non-Biblical prophets. For example, Hud and Saleh raised up in Arabia, Lukman in Ethiopia, a contemporary of Moses, known as Khizr in Sudan and Dhul Qarnain in Iran. A nabi is also called rasul (pl.mawla]]> quran ul hakim]]> ali]]> allah]]> saudi ara]]> Khamr]]> Journalism]]> microfinance]]> United Kingdom]]> http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/Nabi/871780 Mon, 14 Dec 2009 02:32:15 -0500 http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/Nabi/871780 The word na'd means sound, voice or calling, and Na'de Ali means calling upon Ali. It is a sacred invocation uttered in the time of troubles and adversities. Imam Jafar Sadik said, "One who recites Na'de Ali with pure heart, his desires will be accomplished." During the battle of Uhud, the Meccans launched a reinforced attack on the rear of the Muslim ranks, and it caused heavy havoc. It turned the scales against the Muslims, who lost courage and took their heels. Everybody deserted the Prophet in the field. He was also embosomed with the enemies and injured. On this critical moment, the Prophet is reported to have received an inspiration, suggesting to call upon Ali bin Abu Talib. The inspiration was repeated once again to call upon Ali, who is the epiphanic source of marvels. You shall find him a help for you in adversities. All anxiety and grief shall disappear through his authority, (say,) O'Ali, O'Ali, O'Ali (Na'de Aliyyun mazharul aja'ib tajid'hu avnal'laka fin nava'ib kullo hammin wa ghammin sayanjali bi wilayatika, Ya Ali, Ya Ali, Ya Ali). Thus, the Prophet called upon Ali thrice with a loud voice.mawla]]> quran ul hakim]]> ali]]> allah]]> saudi ara]]> Khamr]]> Journalism]]> microfinance]]> United Kingdom]]> http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/Na-De-Ali/871005 Sun, 13 Dec 2009 07:46:41 -0500 http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/Na-De-Ali/871005 "The word muta is derived from mata, meaning merchandise or goods. In case of a marriage it means "that which gives benefits, but for a short while" or enjoyment or pleasure. In Iran, this practice is called sigha (lit. form or type) and it is sometimes called nikah al-muwaqqat or izdivaj-i muvaqqat, both mean temporary marriage. Besides the temporary marriage, four kinds of union of man and woman were prevalent among the pagan Arabs in the pre-Islamic period. The first of these was the permanent marriage tie which, in a modified form, was recognized by Islam. The second was known as the istibdza (from bidz, meaning a portion or a large portion of wealth, sufficient to carry on a trade). The following explanation of this word is given in Bukhari (67:37) that, "a man would say to his wife: send for such a one and have cohabitation with him; and the husband would remain aloof from her and would not touch her until her pregnancy was clear".mawla]]> quran ul hakim]]> ali]]> allah]]> saudi ara]]> Khamr]]> Journalism]]> microfinance]]> United Kingdom]]> http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/Muta/870221 Sat, 12 Dec 2009 04:32:16 -0500 http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/Muta/870221