Plantar Fasciitis - What Is It And What Causes It?

Plantar Fasciitis - What Is It And What Causes It?

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Prior to describing just exactly what Plantar Fasciitis is, we first need to know which part of the foot it affects. And before we do that we need to have a clear understanding of the anatomy of the foot.

There are a total of 26 bones in the foot. The toes contain 14 of these bones with three per toe, except the big toe, which only has two bones. These bones are arranged into three different arches which assist the foot in negotiating alterations in terrain. These arches are labeled as the transverse arch, the medial and lateral longitudinal arches.

Of the three arches, we are concerned with the medial longitudinal arch and more specifically the thick, wide ligament which runs from the toes to the balls of the feet and terminates at the heel. This is the plantar fascia. And as it is subjected to excessive levels of strain it can over-stretch and tear. Although uncomfortable in itself, this does not cause so much discomfort as the 'first step' after getting out of bed in the morning. Why? Because as we sleep, the body attempts to heal itself by laying down scar tissue. Unfortunately it heals in the relaxed position and its that first step that causes it to tear once again. Ouch!

Of the two main causes of Plantar Fasciitis, an increase in weight is the most common. This can be caused by any number of factors including pregnancy, inactivity or just plain eating too much. With this increase in weight, more pressure is exerted on the bottom of the foot which in turn stretches the medial longitudinal arch and ultimately the plantar fascia itself.

The second method of increasing plantar fascia tension is due to poor foot biomechanics. The proper gait cycle (walking pattern) has the outside of the heel striking the ground first. This is why it is normal for the outside of the heel to wear down first on footwear. As we move forward, the weight should be distributed mainly along the outside of the foot. This should occur until the opposite leg swings forward, upon which the weight distribution should shift toward the inside of the foot (pronation), followed by pushing off with the middle of the big toe.

One of the most common problems discovered with foot biomechanics is the overpronation syndrome. This entails the person rolling over too much onto the inside of the foot. This puts excessive strain on the medial longitudinal arch and can cause tearing of the plantar fascia. This excessive strain on the inside of the foot can result in over-stretching of other ligaments in the foot leading to flat feet (pes planus). If this condition persists too long, a heel spur may form where the plantar fascia attaches to the heel.

To treat plantar fasciitis, it is best to decrease the weight gained if possible. If not, rolling a golf ball lightly under the foot will help to strip down the scar tissue. It is important to not press too hard on the golf ball in order to avoid bruising the foot. Having the foot adjusted by your chiropractic professional often helps with the symptoms as well.

Our heels can move in two directions - diagonally forward and diagonally backward. As we walk the heel moves backwards from the weight-bearing pressure and tension from the Achilles tendon. A visit to your chiropractic professional could result in an adjustment which moves your heel forward to relieve plantar fascia tension and help alleviate your symptoms. If this is not effective, a pair of custom-fit insoles may be required to help straighten your walking gait.

About the Author:
Tired of pain? Need a plantar fasciitis treatment that works? Check out our other articles by Dr. Steven Trembecki, D.C. on this and other chiropractic treatments.
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