Stuttgart, capital of the Baden-Wurttemberg state in the south of Germany, is well known for its technology-intensive industries, scientific prominence and financial services. Leading German automobile manufacturers are based in Stuttgart and the area presently has Germanys greatest density of academic, scientific and research centres. The city also contains Germanys second largest stock exchange and the headquarters of many leading financial companies.
Stuttgart inherits a rich historical and cultural legacy which stretches back many centuries. The settlement was probably founded around 950 AD by Duke Liudolf of Swabia, and the area was originally used for the breeding of military war horses. The famed Old Castle of Stuttgart was also built in this era. Originally a water fortress constructed for the protection of the breeding area, the site was chosen by the Counts of Wuerttemberg in the 14th century to be their residence, and accordingly was enlarged and enhanced for this purpose. The court hall for the court inner circle was constructed replacing old parts of the building.
In later years Duke Christoph von Wuerttemberg renovated and decorated the old fortress, making the inner court a majestic Renaissance palace. Three wings and upper floors were added to the building, making it a masterpiece with arcades and antique Corinthian style columns. The castle Protestant church was established in one wing. However the castle retained its external medieval appearance.
After the construction of the New Castle in the 18th century, the Old Castle was relegated to a subordinate position; it became the residence of court officials and the repository of the royal collection of artifacts.
Fire destroyed the compound in 1931 and, even before repairs could be completed; it was devastated by a bomb attack in 1944. However in subsequent years the building was restored to its former glory. Presently the Wuerttemberg State Museum occupies the Old Castle. The museum focuses on documenting the development of the region, from the Stone Age and medieval times to the modern era.
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