Fluoride plays a significant role in the maintenance of
dental health . Fluoride, which originates from a naturally occurring element called fluorine, is present to a certain extent in all water sources, foods and beverages. Fluoride compounds are mainly found in rocks and soil, and form fluoride ions when they come into contact with water. Fluoride helps in preventing dental cavities when applied in two ways: topically and systemically. Topical application of fluoride refers to the use of fluoride containing toothpaste, mouth rinses, gels, foams, and from our own saliva. Topical use of fluoride assists in preventing cavities by strengthening the teeth enamel, reducing dental plaque and by re-mineralizing the existing dental cavities.
One of the major functions of fluoride taken systemically is that it helps to strengthen the developing teeth from infancy stage to adolescence. Fluoride strengthens teeth by hardening the enamel, thus making it less prone to damage from plaque acids. The systemic intake of fluoride provides topical protection against cavities as it is a vital component of saliva.
Mass water fluoridation is one of the cheapest and efficient measures available to minimize the incidence of tooth decay. According to a survey conducted by the Environmental Protection Agency, the acceptable tap water concentration for fluoride is 0.7 to 1.2 parts per million. Several studies done in the United States and around the world have proved that fluoridated water at the prescribed levels considerably reduces the chances of cavities in children and adults from 25-60% or more.
However, there is much apprehension regarding the safety of fluoride in drinking water. Recent research has revealed that naturally occurring fluoridated water or fluoride that is adjusted to optimal levels (0.7-1.2 ppm.) by adding it to water supply, does not create any adverse health issues. After fluoride is ingested into the human body, almost half of it is eliminated through the kidneys, and the rest gets deposited in the bones and teeth, beginning from the earliest stage of infancy to adolescence.
Thus, fluoride is the one of the most essential components that helps to reduce the occurrence of dental cavities. The use of fluoride along with brushing, flossing and regular
dental care would, in fact, be the best way to get rid of dental cavities and to maintain strong, healthy teeth.
