Land surveying is a scientific technique to determine and evaluate the terrestrial or 3D position of points and the distances with angles between them. The process involves acquisition of data relating to the physical characteristics of earth particularly the relative position of points and the magnitude of areas. Land survey techniques are also used to monitor and evaluate external deformations in large structures. The Professional
land surveyors conduct surveys to determine positions and boundaries. The surveyors use various methods of measurement, analysis, computation, mapping, land description writing, research methodologies, elements of geometry, engineering, trigonometry, mathematics, physics and law to assess and evaluate the properties.
Land surveys are used to study the surface, shape and features of land. It gives a detailed description of the features (such as vegetation cover and elevations, etc), depicted in maps. Specifically, land surveying involves the accumulation of information, figures of landscape, three-dimensional details of the surface, precise measurements, including recognizing the specific landforms. The outcome of land survey is the graphic representation that allows the surveyors to provide accurate 3D drawings that can save countless hours and money for design projects. Accurate measurement of these graphical positions is one of the fundamental elements of land surveying. Its advantage is that it is more accurate than hand-measuring.
Land surveying is used for a wide variety of applications such as property delineation, military planning, geological exploration, civil engineering, telecommunication, real estate, private & public works, environmental industries and reclamation work. Land surveys help the planners to determine the features on given land surface and any special location in terms of coordinates (latitude, longitude and altitude). Similarly, it helps to identify special features pertaining to typical land usage patterns, mining etc. Basically, there are many innovative land surveying techniques involved in this procedure, like:
ALTA / ACSM Land Title Surveys (ALTA Surveys)
High-Definition Surveying - HDS (3D Laser Scanning)
Topographic Surveys
Geodetic Survey
GPS Land Survey
All these latest
land surveying techniques ascertain exact three dimensional point positions of fixed monuments, which can provide primary reference for subsequent engineering and construction projects. These control points also offer the basic framework from which the detailed site plan can be executed. Due to these cutting-edge technologies and equipments, scanning measurements becomes easy and can be displayed on a computer system for evaluation.
