Do You Know Parkinson Law And Hawthorne Effect

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The famous British historians Parkinson's wrote a book called "Parkinson's law" the book through long-term investigation and study . In his book, it expounded the cause and consequence of the expansion of service officials: an incompetent officials may have three ways out , the first way is to apply to quit to give his seat to capable person. The second is to let a capable person to assist his work. The third is to appointe two less horizontal low person more than him as the assistant. This first road is absolutely not to walk, because that will lose many rights; the second road also cannot work, because the capable person will become his rival.So, it seemed that the only third road is the most appropriate. Hence, two mediocre assistants share his work and he can command them on the high top . They will not pose a threat to his own rights. Since two assistants are incompetent, they did what he asked to do. As the same way, his two assistants would ask for another two more incompetent assistants again. So , they form a overstaffed organs, which is overstaffing, mutual dispute over trifles, low efficiency of leadership system.
Hawthorne effect is a kind of experimenters effect on psychology. During the 1920s1930s, U.S. researchers found experimenters effect when did experiments on working conditions and social factors and the production benefit relations in Chicago western electric company Hawthorne factory . So it was said Hawthorne effect. The first stage of experiment in 1924 November began to research the relationship of working conditions and production benefits , which was established for test group and control group. Its result was that the output always went up when they increased or decreased the lighting degrees. and for control group that the control illuminance was constant , its output was also increased. Additionally, the other factors ,such as the salary ,reward, breaking time, daily work length and weekly working hours ,were also tested. As a result , it still do not see these working conditions for the production benefits had any immediate effect. The second stage of the test was made by the harvard professor Mayo and focused on the research of the relationship between social factors and production efficiency . They found that the increase in production efficiency was mainly caused by the experimenters' great mental changes. the workers to test were placed in special laboratories under researchers' leadership, its social status changed in every aspect of attention. Thus workers formed participate feeling that they were the important part of the company and workers were incentive from social aspect to promote production to rise.

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