Academia and the industry generally believe that solar cell development has entered its third generation. For the first generation, second generation single-crystal silicon solar cells to poly, amorphous silicon solar cells, such as third generation CIGS solar cells is (CIS mixed in GA) and other compounds, thin-film solar cells and thin film solar cell Si system.
1-SI solar cell
1.1 monocrystalline silicon solar cells
Silicon series solar cells, monocrystalline silicon solar cell conversion efficiency is high, the most mature technologies. High-performance silicon cell is built on high-quality silicon materials and related to thermal processing technology. Monocrystalline silicon solar cell conversion efficiency is highest, in large-scale applications and industrial production continues to dominate, but due to crystalline silicon material prices and the cumbersome process, causing the battery Silicon cost prices remain high, to a significant reduction in their cost is very difficult. In order to save high-quality materials, looking for alternatives to single-crystal silicon cell, now developed thin-film solar cells, multicrystalline silicon thin film solar cells and amorphous silicon thin-film solar cell is a typical representative.
1.2 polycrystalline silicon thin film solar cells
Polycrystalline silicon thin film batteries due to the use of fewer than silicon, silicon and lack of efficiency of the recession and the possibility of cheap substrate preparation, on the costs far less than the monocrystalline silicon cells, more efficient than amorphous silicon thin film cells, multicrystalline silicon thin film batteries will soon be in solar power to dominate the market.
1.3 amorphous silicon thin-film solar cells
1 Development of solar energy battery of two key questions: improving the conversion efficiency and reduce costs. As a result of amorphous silicon thin-film solar cells for low cost, ease of mass production, widespread attention and speedy development, in fact, back in the early 1970s, Carlson and so began the development of the amorphous silicon solar cells, in recent years it development work for fast development, the world has many companies in the production of this type of battery products. Amorphous silicon solar cells with high conversion efficiencies and low-cost and light in weight, and other characteristics, has a great potential. But at the same time, due to its stability is not high, has a direct impact on its practical application. If you can further troubleshoot the problem and improve the stability of the conversion rate, amorphous silicon solar cell solar cells is undoubtedly the main development products.
2 Multiple compounds, thin-film solar cells
In order to find alternatives to single-crystal silicon cells, one subject developed a poly, amorphous silicon thin-film solar cells, and constantly develops other materials for solar batteries. Which mainly includes the family of compounds of gallium arsenide III-V, CDs, CDs and copper, selenium thin film battery of confined? These batteries, although CDs, Cadet polycrystalline thin film battery efficiency more amorphous silicon thin-film solar cell efficiency high, the costs are relatively low, and single-crystal silicon cells are also easy to mass production, but because of the very toxic cadmium, would cause serious pollution of the environment and, therefore, is not a crystal silicon solar cells ideal alternative. Copper Indium selenium CuInSe2 referred to CIC. CIS materials can be reduced to 1.leV, suitable for sunlight photoelectric conversion, in addition, CIS thin film solar cell light-induced recession does not exist. Thus, the CIS as a high conversion efficiency of thin-film solar cell materials also attracted people's attention. CIS as semiconductor materials for solar batteries, cheap, good and simple process, etc., will be the future development of the solar cells is an important direction. The only problem is the source of the material, indium and selenium are relatively rare elements, and therefore, this type of battery development is necessarily limited.
3 polymer multilayer electrode-type solar cells
In the solar cells to polymer instead of inorganic material is just the beginning of a solar system research direction of Dad. Due to the flexible organic materials, making easy, material sources widely, cost advantages, such as the end to large-scale use of solar energy, offer cheap energy. But to organic material solar cells is only just starting, use though, or battery efficiency can and inorganic materials, especially compared to Silicon cells. Can become a practical significance of the product, has yet to be further explored.
4 Nano-crystalline solar cell chemistry
In solar cells-SI solar cell is undoubtedly the most mature development due to the high cost, far from able to satisfy the requirements of large scale application. To this end, it has been in the technology, new materials, batteries, film and other aspects of exploration, and the recent development of Nano TiO2 Crystal chemical energy solar cells affected by domestic and foreign scientists. Nano crystalline TiO2 solar cells with the advantage that it is cheap and simple technology and stable performance. Its optical efficiency is stable at 10 percent; the production cost only silicon
solar lighting of 1/5-1/10. First 2O years can be achieved. But because this type of battery research and development has just started, it is estimated that in the near future will gradually on the market.
5 the development trend of solar batteries
From the above discussion on several aspects, known as solar cell materials, III-V family compounds and CIS, etc. by the rare elements to their preparation, although the solar cell conversion efficiency is very high, but the sources from the materials, this type of solar cells will not be dominant. While the other two types of battery of Nano-crystalline solar cells and polymer modified electrode solar power to problems, their study has just started, technology is not very mature, conversion efficiency is also comparatively low, these two types of battery are still at the research phase, a short time is not possible to override should tie solar cells. Therefore, the conversion efficiency and material source perspective, the focus of future development remains the silicon solar cell particularly polysilicon and amorphous silicon thin film batteries. As a result of polysilicon and amorphous silicon thin-film batteries have high conversion efficiency and relatively low cost, will eventually replace the monocrystalline silicon cells, a market leading product. Improve the conversion efficiency and lower costs are taken into account in the preparation of
solar lighting of two main factors, for the present-Si solar cells, in order to further improve the conversion efficiency is more difficult. Therefore, future research priorities in addition to continuing the development of new battery materials should focus on how to reduce costs up, existing high conversion efficiency of Sun can battery is in the high-quality Silicon manufactured, which is manufacturing silicon solar cell is the most expensive parts. Therefore, how to ensure the conversion efficiency is still relatively high down lower substrate cost has become particularly important. Also the future solar cell development need solved. Recently some techniques have been used in foreign countries made Silicon stripes as polycrystalline silicon thin film solar cell substrate, to achieve the aim of reducing costs, the effect is still present.
