Deep Brain Stimulation For Treating Parkinson's Disease

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Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is a medical interventional procedure performed as one of the relatively newer non-pharmacological treatments for Parkinson's Disease. This surgical procedure is also common for treating other similar neurologic conditions which involve damaged motor activity (slow movements and gait, muscle rigidity, tremor, etc.).

In addition it has been studied for treating other diseases such as major depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder and Tourrette syndrome, and has showed good success rates so far. In the past few years DBS has become more popular as a second and third line of treatment for Parkinson's disease, usually following or in combination with conservative treatment (Anti-Parkinson's medications). It is not currently used as a first line of treatment, due to its cost, complexity and potential complications.

How does DBS work?

The procedure is performed under general anesthesia by a trained neurosurgeon who specializes in this type of surgery. Before the operation, brain imaging techniques such as a CT-scan or MRI are used to map the exact location of the injured cells.
A thin wire is then inserted and implanted in proximity to the damaged brain tissue of the patient.
This damaged tissue, called the substantia nigra, is located in the midbrain, and is known to be the cause of Parkinson's disease. The wire is actually a neurostimulator, meaning it delivers stimulating electric currents to the damaged neurons, therefore activating them, and enhancing their ability to produce and secrete dopamine. A higher level of active dopamine in the synaptic space (the area between two injured neurons), has been found to decrease some of the disease's neurologic symptoms. The wire is attached to an extension arising from a small device, which is finally implanted under the skin in the neck area.

Can DBS cure Parkinson's disease?

Unfortunately, Parkinson's disease has no cure. DBS is only a method of treatment, used when other non-surgical treatments fail to work.
Most patients who undergo DBS still require the administration of Anti-Parkinson's medications, however it allows the patients reach greater balance with fewer medication side effects.
It is important to discuss the potential risks this procedure holds. The operation itself can increase risk for brain tissue infection or hemorrhage. In addition, deep brain stimulation has shown to cause apathy, hallucinations, depressive or hypersexual behavior is some patients.
Currently research is been performed in purpose of finding a more accurate and effective location in the brain for inserting the neurostimulator, hoping it will lead to higher success rates and fewer residual symptoms of the disease.


About the Author:
Maria Gonzales, a health writer for Medico.com, interested in: participatory health, mal de alzheimer, menopausa, neurology and other diverse health topics



Article Originally Published On: http://www.articlesnatch.com


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