Criminal investigations yield results that can help in catching a criminal and also help in serving justice in a case. It is very rare that criminals confess the crime themselves when driven by their conscience and there is also a very small percentage of cases where the perpetrators or the persons who commit the offence are caught in the act. Therefore, in a majority of cases the onus is on the criminal investigations that may be conducted by the private or official agencies. To successfully find and book the criminal, one has to establish the motive of the crime along with substantial evidence in both cases where the accused is known or unknown. Today, there are many tools and techniques available for doing so. Some of them are discussed here in brief.
Interrogation or Interviewing: This may be done with the accused or suspected persons or people with some association with the accused/victim/place/event. Various tactics are used to reveal clues that help the detectives in forming an accurate idea.
Forensic Investigation: This involves identification of the victim or the criminal through DNA. In some cases, the victim"s body is damaged beyond recognition and DNA extraction from even a strand of hair or tooth can help in identification. Similarly, the fingerprints or blood, sweat, hair found at the site of crime can be matched with repeat offenders in police files or those under suspicion to yield accurate results. Forensic Investigation is a part of scientific analysis that can also include ballistics analysis, chemical analysis etc.
Informants: They have been used in
Criminal Investigations from a long time but there are an equal number of people who consider this method as positive or negative. Majorly in cases where insider information is important, such a source can be very beneficial for a case. Informants also help in revealing clues about cases of organized crime and the whereabouts of the criminals.
Record Checking: This may include checking the existing police records to make a connection in serial killings, recurrent thefts with similar patterns etc. Investigators also check about the bills, invoices, academic information, professional credentials, public and private records to extract valuable data.
Individuals and businesses also hire private detective agencies to carry out investigations when they are not satisfied with the agencies under the government. Thus, many agencies have cropped up to cater to this demand by offering professional help in a variety of criminal cases. With the increasing crime rate all over the world, the scientists, investigation bureaus and law-makers are also engaged in finding out new methods to curb crimes. Criminal Investigations help in speedy resolution of cases and also send out a message that it is difficult for criminals to cover their tracks. Use of such techniques is very essential but does not guarantee the right results in an investigation. Many a times the accused may get away scot-free or the wrong person may be punished due to misleading evidence gathered from such methodologies.
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