Breath alcohol testers (BATs) depend on the blood to breath ratio. This ratio
describes the relationship between the alcohol content of the breath and the
alcohol content of blood at any given time. The accepted ratio of breath
alcohol to blood alcohol is 2,100:1. This means 2,100 ml of a deep air lung
sample contains the same amount of alcohol as I ml of blood. All breath
testing instruments developed since 1939 use this ratio. The ratio is guided
by Henry's Law, which states the quantity of gas that dissolves in a
liquid at a standard temperature and pressure are directly proportional to
the partial pressure of that gas in the gas phase.
In order to obtain an accurate reading of a person's alcohol content
the device must test a person's deep lung air. The exchange of gasses,
such as alcohol, between the blood and lung occurs in the alveoli. Each lung
contains several million alveoli. If deep lung air is not exhaled into the
device, the sample breath could be diluted with a lower alcohol concentration.
Instruments usually require a person to blow for a minimum amount of time to
ensure the air is captured from the deep lungs.
There are two main types of BATs used today. The first type uses infrared
light to detect alcohol content. This device passes a breath sample through a
narrow band of infrared light set to a frequency absorbed by alcohol. The
amount of infrared light not absorbed by the alcohol tells the concentration
of alcohol in the breath.
The second type of device uses fuel cells (which rely on chemical reactions)
and is the most commonly used BAT. The alcohol in a person's breath is
the energy for the fuel cell. The higher the concentration of breath alcohol,
the more electricity that will be generated. The device measures the strength
of the current to determine the breath/blood alcohol content (BAC).
The fuel cell itself varies only slightly from product to product and is a
component that manufacturers purchase from outside venders. In a fuel cell,
two electrodes are immersed in a liquid electrolyte, a substance that
conducts electricity. An electrode is a solid electric conductor through
which an electric current enters or leaves. The electrodes are coated with a
platinum layer and have very fine pores. Between the electrodes is the thin
electrolyte layer. The alcohol is pulled into the fuel cell by a pump and
seeps through the electrodes, where it is then chemically converted. The fuel
results in a flow of electricity between the electrodes.
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the art" technology and your opportunities as a distributor and/or operator,
are truly unlimited.
Literally, an easy 10 minute conversation with a local restaurant, bar/
nightclub, resort or any establishment serving alcohol by the drink...could
result in a lifetime of returns, benefiting the establishment, the patrons,
your community and ultimately you.
Raw Materials
Fuel cell breath alcohol testers are primarily composed of a fuel cell, pump,
mouthpiece, printed circuit board (PCB), and a liquid crystal display (LCD)
or light-emitting diode (LED) all contained within a plastic case generally
made from low density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), or polystyrene
(PS) plastic. The fuel cell is made from two platinum coated electrodes and a
permeable electrolyte material. The pump is made of glass and nylon and used
to pull the alcohol into the BAT. At the heart of the BAT is the PCB which
controls the entire unit. The microprocessor contains the coding that the BAT
uses to carry out the functions. The device also uses a LCD or LED to present
instructions to the user, including the results or potential error messages.
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ALCOHOLALERT
