Ajax shorthand for Asynchronous JavaScript and XML) is a group of interrelated web development techniques used on the client-side to create interactive web applications. With
Ajax, web applications can retrieve data from the server asynchronously in the background without interfering with the display and behavior of the existing page. It is a technique used to make Web pages faster to use. If they are programmed with AJAX, they seem to react faster. They only send small bits of information to the server. That way the whole web page does not need to reload, only small parts of it. The use of
Ajax techniques has led to an increase in interactive or dynamic interfaces on web pages. Data is usually retrieved using the XMLHttpRequest object. Despite the name, the use of XML is not actually required, and the requests do not need to be asynchronous.
Like DHTML and LAMP,
Ajax is not a technology in itself, but a group of technologies. Ajax uses a combination of HTML and CSS to mark up and style information. The DOM is accessed withJavaScript to dynamically display, and to allow the user to interact with, the information presented. JavaScript and the XMLHttpRequest object provide a method for exchanging data asynchronously between browser and server to avoid full page reloads.
The term
Ajax has come to represent a broad group of web technologies that can be used to implement a web application that communicates with a server in the background, without interfering with the current state of the page. In the article that coined the term Ajax, Jesse James Garrett explained that the following technologies are incorporated:
HTML or XHTML and CSS for presentation
the Document Object Model (DOM) for dynamic display of and interaction with data
XML for the interchange of data, and XSLT for its manipulation
the XMLHttpRequest object for asynchronous communication
JavaScript to bring these technologies together
Since then, however, there have been a number of developments in the technologies used in an Ajax application, and the definition of the term Ajax. In particular, it has been noted that:
JavaScript is not the only client-side scripting language that can be used for implementing an Ajax application. Other languages such as VBScript are also capable of the required functionality. However JavaScript is the most popular language for Ajax programming due to its inclusion in and compatibility with the majority of modern web browsers.
XML is not required for data interchange and therefore XSLT is not required for the manipulation of data. JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) is often used as an alternative format for data interchange, although other formats such as preformatted HTML or plain text can also be used.
Basic
Ajax involves writing ad hoc JavaScript in Web pages for the client. A simpler if cruder alternative is to use standard JavaScript libraries that can partially update a page, such as ASP.Net'sUpdatePanel. Tools (or web application frameworks) such as Echo and ZK enable fine grained control of a page from the server, using only standard JavaScript libraries.
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